Introduction [ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃən] is means, such as a personal letter, of presenting one person to another or a presentation of one person to another or others. Introduction is one of ways of Cross Cultural Understanding in introduce about someone or our self to other people. It is also important to us to know how the foreigners are introducing someone or introducing himself to other people in different situation.
There are formal and Informal introductions. These introductions are exemplified typical from American Introductions. In USA, Informal introductions tend to use informal language as illustrated in the title used in introduction that a tendency reduce a different status. And in the formal introductions, there are situations where formal introductions are appropriate, when meeting a President of a University, when meeting in a Nation Press Club, when meeting at a business etc.
In the first Introduction of formal introduction the speaker usually use longer sentence, it was using formal words and phrases. Where the second introduction of the informal introduction, which is more informal, it used by reduce the words and sentences, and used simple language.
And furthermore the writer presented Varieties of Introductions. These introductions. These introductions are describing in the conversations formal and informal language, and there are also presented many kinds of the introductions picture. They are from style of by using title in introductions, style of Eye Contact & Handshaking, and through "Small Talk" After Introduction. There is also presented about Speeches, Cultural, and Cultural Objects.
A. Variety Of Introduction
1. PROFESSOR : Mr. Lustig, I would like to introduce you to Dr. Johns, director
of the language institute. Dr. Johns, this is Mr. Lustig, the academic adviser from Barnum College.
MR. LUSTIG : How do you do, Dr. Johns`?
DR. JOHNS : It's a pleasure to meet you, Mr. Lustig. I'm glad that
We finally have the occasion to meet.
2. FRIEND : I'd like you to meet my friend, Nancy Pipkin. Nancy, this is in"
; brother, Jack.
NANCY : Hi, Jack. Nice to meet you.
JACK : Hi, Nancy.
These introductions exemplify typical American introductions which range from formal to informal. Although Americans tend to use informal language as illustrated in the second and typical introductions, there are situations where formal introductions are appropriate. When meeting a president of a university, it is advisable to say, "How do you do?" rather than "How ya doing?" Likewise, someone, who is your age younger would probably say, It's nice to meet you" rather than "How do you do?"
In the first introduction the speakers use longer sentences, titles (Dr., Mr.), and formal words and phrases ("I would like to introduce you to . "How do you do?" and "It's a pleasure to meet you"). The relationship between the speakers in the first introduction is a formal one. The next two introductions, which are more informal, use reduced words and sentences and simple language. "It's nice to meet you" becomes "?Nice to meet you. "How are you doing?" becomes "How ya doing?" a very informal introduction does not use titles or last names.
1. Use of Titles in Introductions
Often where there is difference in status or age between two individuals, formal titles and last names are used unless the person of lower status is told to use the first name. For example:
ACCOUNTANT (age 50) : Hello, my name is Bob Thomas.
STUDENT (age 20) : It's nice to meet you, Mr. Thomas. ACCOUNTANT : Please, just call me Bob.
In informal introductions there is a tendency to reduce status differences by using first’ names. In more formal situations, the title along with the last name is appropriate. For example, when a student introduces herself to a university professor, she might say :
SUSAN (student) : Hello, Dr. Mc Carrick. My name is Susan Hall and I
would like to ask you about your course.
Susan used her professor's title (Dr.) and his last name, whereas when she introduced herself, she used her first name and last name and no title.
2. Handshaking, Eye Contact, Posture and Smiles in Introductions
a. Handshaking
Your body language, i.e your demeanor, impacts your success. It's vital that you know how to act when you get to a conference, after-hours, meeting or trade show to make the most effective and efficient use of your time and to attract those people whom you want to do with business with and add to your network.
Another vital component you need to bring to any interpersonal encounter is a firm handshake. Again, those few seconds you "shake" can empower or weaken a relationship. Men's handshakes are typically strong and firm because they naturally have a stronger grip.
When meeting someone formally for the first time, we shake their hand and say "How do you do?" or "Pleased to meet you."
"How do you do?" isn't really a question, it just means "Hello".
When young people meet informally they sometimes say "Give me five!" and slap their hands together (high five).
Generally we do not shake hands with people we know well.
Being familiar with the following handshakes will help immensely in relationship-building activities:
1) Controller
A person extends his hand to you, web-to-web, and as soon as your hands are linked, he purposely maneuvers his hand onto the top. He's telling you he wants to be in charge. Keep that in mind as the interaction continues.
2) Sandwich
Use this one only with people you know. When you envelop another person's hands, you are invading their private space ... where you are to be only when invited. Society promotes the standard handshake but is not as tolerant of using both hands. By the way, this handshake is also known as the politician's handshake which may be cause enough for most people to avoid it!
3) Dead Fish
Imagine rubbing a scaly, dead fish in your hands ... and you got the picture. Your hands typically are wet for two reasons: You are nervous or you have been holding a cold beverage in your right hand and move it to your left just before you shake hands. In either case, it is extremely unpleasant for the receiver. If you experience anxiety, wipe your hands on a napkin, the tablecloth or even lightly on your clothes. What you spend at the dry cleaners will be paid for quickly by the better impression you make. As for the beverage, use common sense.
4) Limp Fingers
Women, far more than men, extend their fingers rather than their entire hand. It can be painful for the extender, when she is greeted by a man who shakes with his forceful grip. Men tell me this frequently leads to their giving women a lighter handshake. Professional women respond that they want to be treated equally. One of the ways to combat this syndrome is to always extend you full hand (never cup it) horizontally, even if your grip is light.
Ingredients of a Good Handshake
1. Hold the person's hand firmly.
2. Shake web-to-web, three times maximum.
3. Maintain constant eye contact.
4. Radiate positive aura.
b. Eye Contact
Make it and keep it! Not only does focused eye contact display confidence on your part, it also helps you understand what the other person is really saying verbally. The success of any encounter begins the moment someone lays eyes on you. One of the first things they notice about you is your aura, that distinctive atmosphere that surrounds you. You create it, and you are responsible for what it says about you and whom it attracts. Your aura enters with you and starts speaking long before your open your mouth. Since body language conveys more than half of any message in any face-to-face encounter, how you act is vital to your aura.
When the eyes say one thing, and the tongue another, a practiced man relies on the language of the first. - Ralph Waldo Emerson
Looking someone in the eye as you meet and talk with him/her also shows we are paying attention. Listening is the most important human relations skill, and good eye contact plays a large part in conveying our interest in others.
When to look
Begin as soon as you engage someone in a conversation. However, you may wish to start even earlier if you are trying to get someone's attention. Continue it throughout the conversation. Be sure to maintain direct eye contact as you are saying "good-bye." It will help leave a positive, powerful lasting impression.
Where to look
Imagine an inverted triangle in your face with the base of it just above your eyes. The other two sides descend from it and come to a point between your nose and your lips. That's the suggested area to "look at" during business conversations. Socially, the point of the triangle drops to include the chin and neck areas. When people look you "up and down," it's probably more than business or a casual social situation they have in mind!
How long to look
suggested about 80 - 90 percent of the time. Less than that can be interpreted as discomfort, evasiveness, lack of confidence or boredom. When you stare longer, it can be construed as being too direct, dominant or forceful and make the other person uncomfortable. It's okay to glance down occasionally as long as your gaze returns quickly to the other person. Avoid looking over the other person's shoulders as if you were seeking out someone more interesting to talk with.
c. Posture
One of the first key things people notice is how you carry and present yourself. Do you walk and stand with confidence like your mother taught you?
1. Stomach in
2. Chest out
3. Shoulders back
4. Head up
Or do you slouch, perhaps with your shoulders drooping, your head forward and your stomach protruding? Are you saying to people that you are not sure of yourself, are not poised and, therefore, not the one they should seek out and get to know? You may be turning people away without even being aware of it.
Command respect by standing tall and claiming the space to which you are entitled. Plant your feet about six to eight inches apart with one slightly in front of the others. My workshop attendees always remark about how this positioning makes them feel "grounded," "rooted" and "balanced" ... great ways to start any encounter!
You also tell people through your posture if you are want others to approach you. For instance, if you are talking with one other person and the two of you are forming a rectangle, you will give the message that you have "closed off" your space and don't want to be interrupted. If you doubt me, stand by two people who are in the rectangular position and see how long you go unacknowledged. The two will see you out of their peripheral vision, but won't include you until they have finished their "private" conversation. If, on the other hand, the two of you stand with your feet pointed outward like two sides of an incomplete triangle, you will be inviting others into the conversation. You can make that all-important eye contact.
d. Smiles
Smiles are an important facial expression. They show interest, excitement, empathy, concern; they create an upbeat, positive environment. Smiles can, however, be overused. Often, men smile when they are pleased; women smile to please. You know which is the most powerful!
To gain and increase respect, first establish your presence in a room, then smile. It is far more professional than to enter a room giggling or "all smiles.". As you review and tweak your body language for your next interpersonal encounter, I suggest you keep in mind another Emerson saying:
What you are stands over you the while and thunders so that I cannot hear what you say to the contrary.
Direct eye contact and firm handshakes during introductions are customs in the United States. In introductions as well as in general conversations, speakers maintain frequent eye contact. Most people become nervous if frequent eye contact turns into staring. When shaking hands, people shake firmly and briefly. The expression, "He shakes hands like a dead till.” I " refers to a limp handshake, a sign in the American culture of a weak character. Prolonged handshaking is not usual.
Problems can arise when these customs are unfamiliar to foreign visitors. One foreign student remarked, "I'm beginning to think that there's something wrong with me. American visitors sometimes pull their hands away too quickly in countries where prolonged handshaking is common.
3. "Small Talk" After Introductions
Immediately after introductions are made, there a usually a period of time in which impersonal or trivial subjects are discussed. This type of conversation; called "small talk," is important because it often helps to maintain conversations and it can lead into interesting discussions.
Usually speakers initiate small talk with such questions as; "Do you live in this area?", "How do you like living here?" or "What are you studying?" It is also common for people to ask, "What do you do?" which means "What is your job?
In an introductory meeting, maintaining a conversation is easier when two people find that they have something in common. In the following dialogue, small talk takes place until the speakers discover that they share the same experience.
| SUE | : | It's nice to meet you. My friend told me about you. Have you lived in Seattle long? |
| MARK | : | No, only three months. How about you? |
| SUE | : | 1 moved here three years ago from California |
| MARK | : | Oh really! I'm from California too. Where did you live in California? |
| SUE | : | In Gilroy, not far from San Jose. |
| MARK | : | This is really a coincidence. I'm from Gilroy, too! I like telling people I'm from the garlic capital of the world. Did you usually go to the summer garlic festival? |
| SUE | : | I used to go every summer. How about you |
| MARK | : | I went to most of them. 1 thought the one in 1980 was great. Did you go to that one? |
In this conversation, Sue and Mark asked each other small talk questions before they found that they have a common background.
B. Cultural Variations in Introductions
In social situations, a man is traditionally introduced to a woman. However, in the business world introductions are based on a person's rank or position in an organisation. Whoever is the highest-ranking person is introduced to everyone else in order of their position. If you introduce two people of equal rank to each other, introduce the one you know less well to the one you know best.
Style of introductions, including initial conversations and nonverbal rituals, vary among individuals and situations. The introduction of a university president to a knew professor is considerably more formal than that of two people of the same status in a social situation. At a business meeting, introduction is likely to be more formal than one made at a pony. In addition, styles of introductions vary from country to country bowing to show respect is customary in parts of the Far Past. In the Western Hemisphere and in other parts of the world shaking hands is the Common practice., Putting the palm of the hand to the heart is traditional in North Africa. Despite the cultural variations, the purpose of all introductions is always the same - to provide an opportunity for people to get to know each other.
Informal:
"Excuse me, I didn't catch your name." "I'm sorry, what is your name again?" A
"Could you spell your first name? That will help me pronounce it better."
Formal:
"May I please have your name again?"
"Would you please repeat your name?"
In traditional introductions, a man shakes a woman's hand if extends her hand first. -However, this custom is changing and some men off: their hand first. Some women shake hands with each other although the majority still do not.
Supplementary Vocabulary anti phrases
"How do you do" (formal) "
Gender Distinction
The British do shake hands, i.e. when first introduced to new people, but we rarely shake hands when parting. In an informal situation you may see social kissing (often just a peck on the cheek), this is acceptable between men and women and also between women who know each other very well, but it is rare that you will see two British men kissing, even if it is only on the cheek.
Customarily, a number of people introduce a man to a woman out of respect, regardless of the guidelines presented above. When introducing a man and a woman at work, consider their positions and seniorities alone. Outside of work, it may be more appropriate to introduce a man to a woman, in contradiction to the above guidelines. Only be judicious and sensitive.
C. Introductory Speeches and Cultural Objects
Make formal { introductions of yourselves and your countries. During or after your speeches, present one to three objects of cultural interest (i.e.) object reflecting aspects of your culture)
Briefly present and discuss the following information: l
1. Name of country, its location, capital, and your home (use maps)
2. Population, ethnic groups, language (s) spoken
3. Form of government, natural resources, exports
4. A custom unique to your country
In Cross Cultural Understanding, we must learn and know how to introduce with Foreigner. Where introduction become more important to us know about the other people or our partner business, through how are introducing your partner and our self to other people. That is why? Of course it is because in the society, we have an interaction.
In the interaction, introductions have the relationship between us and the other people or your partner business can recognize each other, and it also make any situation comfortable. Where we can start it through recognizes our self firstly or questions about our partner. So in next introductions you are not nervous again.
When introducing people in the United States a person first needs to determine precedence. Precedence is the order in which people are addressed, greeted, introduced, referred, seated and served. In both formal and informal social settings, women have precedence over men; older people over younger (as long as they are the same gender); smaller groups usually over larger groups.
When using the terms women versus ladies; women is used for business and ladies for social. There is one exception, when addressing a group, such as: Ladies and Gentlemen.
Senior executives have precedence over Junior executives, but two of the same rank, you should defer to the one with the seniority.
Clients and customers have precedence over fellow associates, regardless of rank.
When making introdcutions:
1. Always determine the order of precedence.
2. Say the most distinguished person's first and last name or title and last name, first. Use appropriate names.
3. Choose appropriate introductions:
Formal: "May I present...?"
Business or social: "May I introduce...?" or "I would like to introduce...",
Casual: "This is...", which may appear unsophisticated.
4. Always stand for introductions. It shows respect.
5. If you forget someone's name, admit it, apologize and ask for the correct pronunciation.
6. Introduce yourself, when necessary.
7. Introduce and address people by their preferential name.
8. Responding to introductions:
Formal: "How do you do?",
Business or social: "How are you?",
Casual: "Hello."
9. Hint for remembering names - repeat the name when being introduced, such as: "Mr. Jones, how long have you been with ABC Company?"
10. For greetings, introductions and farewells:
1. Remember precedence.
2. Stand for introductions - The exception: if seated at a formal dinner, do not stand up, rather greet as approached, acknowledge others with a nod, shake hands when leaving the table.
3. Shake hands with your right hand, unless you have a disability. Cover coughs and sneezes with the left hand.
4. Make eye contact.
5. Smile and say the person's name.
6. Address people formally.
7. Include all people present.
8. Never ignore one who has offered to shake hands.
9. Make conversation.
The purpose of introducing people is to give them an opportunity to know each other. Beyond just stating names of the two parties, it is often the obligation of the person making the introduction to establish an acquaintance and help the two parties initiate a conversation.
Four Steps for Introductions
The basic protocol of introductions calls for introducing the ‘lesser-ranking’ (socially, professionally, by age or seniority) to the ‘higher-ranking’ person. Here are four steps.
1. Firstly, state the name of the person being introduced to. This is the ‘higher-ranking’ person.
2. Secondly, say “I would like to introduce” or, “please meet” or, “this is,” etc.
3. Thirdly, state the name of the person being introduced. This is the ‘lower-ranking’ person.
4. Finally, offer some details of each other, as appropriate. As I wrote in a previous blog article, add a snippet of information about a topic of common interest between the two parties. Do not elaborate. This will help them connect and pursue a conversation.
When introducing people of equal seniority or status, you may introduce any person to the other.
A Few Examples
· Introduce a younger person to an older person. “Grandma, please meet Alicia and Carlos Sanchez, my neighbors.”
· Introduce a relatively junior professional to a senior professional. “Ms. Director, I would like to introduce Mr. Ram Prasad Rao, the Chief Product Architect for our software division.”
· Introduce an employee to a customer. “Mr. Sung, I would like to introduce our plastics engineering team. This is Mark Smith, Jessica Ramos and Liang Zhu. All three participated in last week’s teleconference regarding product definition.”
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